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href="/categories/Redis/">Redis</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.2k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="Redis主从复制架构与原理"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><p>Redis主从架构，也称为读写分离架构。</p>
<h2 id="1-Redis主从复制架构"><a href="#1-Redis主从复制架构" class="headerlink" title="1 Redis主从复制架构"></a>1 Redis主从复制架构</h2><p>主从架构，是横向扩展。生成数据副本，体现高可用性；扩展读性能。</p>
<p>三个特点</p>
<ul>
<li>一个master可以有多个salve</li>
<li>一个slave只能有一个master</li>
<li>数据流向是单向的，只能从master流向slave。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="image/zhucong.png" alt="image-20210406000810542"></p>
<h3 id="1-1-主从数据传输过程："><a href="#1-1-主从数据传输过程：" class="headerlink" title="1.1 主从数据传输过程："></a>1.1 主从数据传输过程：</h3><p><img src="https://gitee.com/dtyytop/blogimage/raw/master/img/20210609080334.png" alt="img"></p>
<p>第一次是全量同步，后续每隔一段时间增量。</p>
<ol>
<li>slave启动后，主从建立socket连接，发送一个sync同步命令。</li>
<li>master接收到sync同步命令后，会执行bgsave，产生新的rdb文件，这个rdb会发送给slave。此外这个时候会有一个缓冲区，用于存储后续的写命令。因为在此之前的数据在rdb中，要发送给slave。</li>
<li>当bgsave完成以后，rdb发送给slave，在发送的过程中，如果有新的写操作，还是记录在缓冲区。</li>
<li>slave接收到rdb后，会先删除旧数据，然后再把新的rdb数据存入redis。</li>
<li>当rdb传输给slave完成以后，master会把缓冲区的数据发送给slave，让其同步。</li>
<li>slave在rdb写入完成以后，会把接受的缓冲区的命令写入slave中，最终完成数据同步。</li>
<li>缓冲区大小可以通过<code>&lt;repl-backlog-size&gt;</code>设置，默认1m，根据实际业务去调整，如果主从断开时间越长，那么就有可能写满1m，此时则不是增量，而是rdb全量同步。</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-shell" data-language="shell"><code class="language-shell">replicaof 192.168.174.128 6379 # slaveof是老命令
replicaof no one # 断开与主节点主从复制关系，升级为主节点<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p> 在上述全量同步完成以后，后续的新增的一些写命令，master会发送给slave让其同步。也就是说主从初次是全量同步，后续都是增量的，后续的同步都是以命令为单位发送给slave让其同步。</p>
<p>主从节点挂掉的情况？</p>
<ol>
<li>slave节点挂掉：重启后，master会同步增量更新数据到slave。</li>
<li>主节点关掉：如果没有开启集群和哨兵模式，从节点不会主动变成主节点，master_link_status:down。</li>
<li>写命令并发高的情况下，可以只在从节点开启AOF，保证数据安全并且保证主节点性能。但仅主从复制架构，主节点挂掉重启后，从节点复制主节点，会导致自身数据清空。应该首先断开与主节点复制关系。（生产很少遇到，直接晋升slave为master）</li>
</ol>
<p>每个Redis节点启动都会分配一个运行id，运行id变化，从节点将做全量复制。debug reload可以保持运行ID不变，但是会阻塞主进程。</p>
<p>重要命令</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">info replication<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>



<h3 id="1-2-Redis主从复制特性"><a href="#1-2-Redis主从复制特性" class="headerlink" title="1.2 Redis主从复制特性"></a>1.2 Redis主从复制特性</h3><p>Redis主从模式可以是一主一从、一主多从（通常为一主二从）、一主二从树状结构（从节点进而分多层）。</p>
<p>从节点过多，主节点需要不断给多个从节点同步数据，占用内网带宽。从节点树状结构，是将主节点的同步压力分摊给下一层。</p>
<p><strong>一主二从较常用。</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>生产环境不会直接上主从模式的，因为主节点挂掉，系统无法写缓存到Redis，通常使用哨兵保证主从节点的高可用。主从架构适合读写写少的场景，master节点可以抗住几万写命令的qps。</p>
<p>生产环境以集群为主，最好是直接继承云产品的Redis集群，降低运维成本。</p>
<p>只有单独主从结构做读写分离，集群做了读写分离可能会导致数据丢失，而且容错率不高。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="1-3-从节点配置-redis-conf"><a href="#1-3-从节点配置-redis-conf" class="headerlink" title="1.3 从节点配置 redis.conf"></a>1.3 从节点配置 redis.conf</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-shell" data-language="shell"><code class="language-shell"># 主节点套接字
replicaof 192.168.233.130 6379
# 验证密码
masterauth 123456
# 默认只读
replica-read-only yes
# master挂了，或者正在同步数据，继续响应客户端请求
replica-serve-stale-data yes<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>info replication 命令可以查看主从节点状态。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>主从结合哨兵使用时，master挂掉重启成为salve时，也需要验证密码。哨兵重写配置文件时只会重写replicaof配置。</p>
<p>配置master时也最好把masterauth属性值加上，避免重启时，无法加入到slave中。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="1-4-无磁盘化复制"><a href="#1-4-无磁盘化复制" class="headerlink" title="1.4 无磁盘化复制"></a>1.4 无磁盘化复制</h3><blockquote>
<p>无磁盘化复制还在实验阶段，了解原理即可。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>无磁盘化复制是主从复制的另一种方式，在本地磁盘IO性能较差或者网络性能好时使用。</p>
<p><img src="image/image-20210409071903120.png" alt="image-20210409071903120"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>磁盘复制：master创建一个新的进程写RDB文件到磁盘，然后主进程增量传输文件。</p>
<p>无磁盘复制：master创建一个进程直接写RDB文件到slave的socket。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="line-numbers language-shell" data-language="shell"><code class="language-shell">// 是否启动
repl-diskless-sync no
// 准备时间配置
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="mailto:undefined">dtyy</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://dtyytop.gitee.io/2021/05/30/devnotes/ji-qun-yan-jin/redis/redis-zhu-cong-fu-zhi-yu-yuan-li/">https://dtyytop.gitee.io/2021/05/30/devnotes/ji-qun-yan-jin/redis/redis-zhu-cong-fu-zhi-yu-yuan-li/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://dtyytop.gitee.io" target="_blank">Reality</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/Redis/">Redis</a><a 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